CIVIL WAR STUDY GUIDE

Civil War Study Guide

Civil War – War between the Union and The Confederacy

Union – North

Confederates – South

Abraham Lincoln – President of the Union during the Civil War

Fort Sumter – first battle of the Civil War

South Carolina – first state to secede from the Union

Most people thought the Civil War would be over in a few short months.

The Civil War lasted for 4 years. (1861 – 1865)

Strengths of the North: large population, more resources, grew most of the country’s food, had most of the railroads

Strengths of the South: well-trained officers, Southerners were fighting for their homes

Anaconda Plan – Union’s plan for victory

3 Parts of the Anaconda Plan: 1. Blockade Southern Seaports ….. 2. Take control of the Mississippi River ….. 3. Invade the South from all sides

Robert E. Lee – main general for the Confederate Army

Lee refused to command the Union Army because he did not want to fight against his home state which was Virginia.

General T. J. Jackson became known as Stonewall Jackson.

Great Skedaddle – the Union retreat from the first Battle of Bull Run

The Union had 42 ships at the beginning of the war. They had 700 by the end of the war.

Merrimack – Confederate Ironclad Ship

Monitor – Union Ironclad Ship

Emancipation Proclamation – ended slavery in the Confederacy

54^th Massachusetts – first African American regiment to fight for the Union

By the end of the war, 180,000 African Americans fought for the Union.

Women of the War: nurses, passed out food and supplies, took care of homes, farms, businesses

The youngest person to fight in the war 14 and the oldest was 80.

Ulysses S. Grant – main general of the Union

The Union won the Battle of Gettysburg. The Confederates lost 28,000 men.

Gettysburg Address – famous speech by Abraham Lincoln

Lincoln dealt with the need for more Union Soldiers by instituting the draft.

William Tecumseh Sherman -  general who used total war against the Confederacy

Total war – all-out war to destroy people’s ability and will to fight

Appomattox Court House – place where Lee and Grant met (Lee surrendered)

620,000 people died during the Civil War.

Reconstruction – rebuilding the South

13^th Amendment – abolished slavery

14^th Amendment – guaranteed all citizens the same legal rights

15^th Amendment – gave all male citizens the right to vote

Sharecropping – renting land for a share of the crop

Impeach – charge a government official with wrongdoing

Jim Crow Laws – made the separation of white and black people legal

Segregation – separation of people by race